diff --git a/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/CodeGeneratorFromDataFlowGraph.java b/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/CodeGeneratorFromDataFlowGraph.java
index 0ac7327..fbb3ef2 100644
--- a/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/CodeGeneratorFromDataFlowGraph.java
+++ b/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/CodeGeneratorFromDataFlowGraph.java
@@ -948,6 +948,23 @@
 						// PULL transfer
 						inputResourceToStateAccessor.put(in, getPullAccessor(platformSpec));
 						ch = ((ChannelNode) resToCh.getDestination()).getChannel();		// pull containing input side channel is at most one.
+						if (!platformSpec.isMonolithic() 
+								&& !in.isOutside() 
+								&& in.getResource().getCommonPrefix(resourceNode.getInSideResource(ch2)) == null 
+								&& platformSpec.isDifferentTreesAsDifferentServices()) {
+							// for REST API
+							ResourcePath srcResPath = in.getResource();
+							String srcResourceName = langSpec.toVariableName(getComponentName(srcResPath.getResourceHierarchy(), langSpec));
+							Type srcResourceType = srcResPath.getResourceStateType();
+							List<String> pathParams = new ArrayList<>();
+							for (Expression pathExp: srcResPath.getPathParams()) {
+								String[] sideEffects = new String[] {""};
+								pathParams.add("\" + " + pathExp.toImplementation(sideEffects) + " + \"");
+							}
+							generatePullDataTransfer(stateGetter, srcResourceName, 
+													 srcResPath.getResourceHierarchy().toResourcePath(pathParams), srcResourceType, 
+													 true, platformSpec, langSpec);
+						}
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -963,21 +980,62 @@
 			}
 			
 			// for reference channel members.
-			for (ChannelMember c: ch.getReferenceChannelMembers()) {
-				inputResourceToStateAccessor.put(c, getPullAccessor(platformSpec));			// by pull data transfer
+			ResourcePath dstResPath = resourceNode.getInSideResource(ch);
+			for (ChannelMember rc: ch.getReferenceChannelMembers()) {
+				inputResourceToStateAccessor.put(rc, getPullAccessor(platformSpec));			// by pull data transfer
+				ResourcePath refResPath = rc.getResource();
+				if (!platformSpec.isMonolithic() 
+						&& (rc.isOutside() 
+								|| (refResPath.getCommonPrefix(dstResPath) == null && platformSpec.isDifferentTreesAsDifferentServices()))) {
+					// for REST API
+					String refResourceName = langSpec.toVariableName(getComponentName(refResPath.getResourceHierarchy(), langSpec));
+					Type refResourceType = refResPath.getResourceStateType();
+					List<String> pathParams = new ArrayList<>();
+					for (Expression pathExp: refResPath.getPathParams()) {
+						String[] sideEffects = new String[] {""};
+						pathParams.add("\" + " + pathExp.toImplementation(sideEffects) + " + \"");
+					}
+					generatePullDataTransfer(stateGetter, refResourceName, 
+											 refResPath.getResourceHierarchy().toResourcePath(pathParams), refResourceType,
+											 true, platformSpec, langSpec);
+				}
 			}
 			
 			// Construct the base message.
 			Map.Entry<Map<ChannelMember, Entry<ResourcePath, Set<ChannelMember>>>, Term> resourcePathsAndMessage;
 			if (!isContainedPush) {
 				// All incoming edges are in PULL-style.
-				resourcePathsAndMessage = ch.fillOutsideResourcePaths(out, JavaCodeGenerator.pullAccessor, null);
+				resourcePathsAndMessage = ch.fillOutsideResourcePaths(out, getPullAccessor(platformSpec), null);
 			} else {
 				// At least one incoming edge is in PUSH-style.
-				resourcePathsAndMessage = ch.fillOutsideResourcePaths(out, JavaCodeGenerator.pullAccessor, inputResourceToStateAccessor);
+				resourcePathsAndMessage = ch.fillOutsideResourcePaths(out, getPullAccessor(platformSpec), inputResourceToStateAccessor);
 			}
 			Map<ChannelMember, Entry<ResourcePath, Set<ChannelMember>>> resourcePaths = resourcePathsAndMessage.getKey();
-			Term messageTerm = resourcePathsAndMessage.getValue();		
+			Term messageTerm = resourcePathsAndMessage.getValue();
+			
+			// Data transfer from path depending resource.
+			for (Entry<ChannelMember, Entry<ResourcePath, Set<ChannelMember>>> pathEnt: resourcePaths.entrySet()) {
+				ChannelMember cm = pathEnt.getKey();
+				ResourcePath srcResPath = pathEnt.getValue().getKey();
+				// get outside srcResPath resource state by pull data transfer.
+				if (!platformSpec.isMonolithic() 
+						&& (cm.isOutside() 
+								|| (srcResPath.getCommonPrefix(dstResPath)) == null && platformSpec.isDifferentTreesAsDifferentServices())) {
+					// for REST API
+					// Data transfer from an outside input resource is regarded as PULL transfer.
+					List<String> pathParams = new ArrayList<>();
+					for (Expression pathExp: srcResPath.getPathParams()) {
+						String[] sideEffects = new String[] {""};
+						pathParams.add("\" + " + pathExp.toImplementation(sideEffects) + " + \"");
+					}
+					// generate a pull data transfer from a depending in/ref resource.
+					Type srcResourceType = srcResPath.getResourceStateType();
+					String srcResName2 = langSpec.toVariableName(getComponentName(srcResPath.getResourceHierarchy(), langSpec));
+					String srcPath2 = srcResPath.toString().replaceAll("\\{", "\"+").replaceAll("\\}", "+\"");
+					generatePullDataTransfer(stateGetter, srcResName2, srcPath2, srcResourceType, false, platformSpec, langSpec);
+				}
+			}
+			
 			// Data transfer from the descendant channel hierarchies.
 			Stack<Iterator<Channel>> channelItrStack = new Stack<>();
 			DataTransferChannel curChannel = ch;
@@ -997,9 +1055,15 @@
 								// not a depending channel member.
 								ResourcePath src2 = cm2.getResource();
 								Type srcResType2 = src2.getResourceStateType();
-								String srcResName2 = JerseyCodeGenerator.toVariableName(JerseyCodeGenerator.getComponentName(src2.getResourceHierarchy()));
-								String srcGetter = JavaCodeGenerator.pullAccessor.getDirectStateAccessorFor(src2, resourceNode.getInSideResource(curChannel)).toImplementation(new String[] {});
-								stateGetter.addStatement(srcResType2.getInterfaceTypeName() + " " + srcResName2 + " = " + srcGetter + ";");
+								String srcResName2 = langSpec.toVariableName(getComponentName(src2.getResourceHierarchy(), langSpec));
+								if (platformSpec.isMonolithic()) {
+									String srcGetter = getPullAccessor(platformSpec).getDirectStateAccessorFor(src2, resourceNode.getInSideResource(curChannel)).toImplementation(new String[] {});
+									stateGetter.addStatement(langSpec.getVariableDeclaration(srcResType2.getInterfaceTypeName(), srcResName2) 
+											+ langSpec.getAssignment() + srcGetter + langSpec.getStatementDelimiter());
+								} else {
+									String srcPath2 = src2.toString().replaceAll(":.*\\}","\\}").replaceAll("\\{", "\"+").replaceAll("\\}", "+\"");
+									generatePullDataTransfer(stateGetter, srcResName2, srcPath2, srcResType2, false, platformSpec, langSpec);
+								}
 							} else {
 								// a depending channel member.
 								ResourcePath src2 = resourcePaths.get(cm2).getKey();
@@ -1007,16 +1071,22 @@
 								if (cm2.isOutside() || src2.getCommonPrefix(resourceNode.getInSideResource(curChannel)) == null) {
 									// generate a pull data transfer from a depending in/ref resource.
 									Type srcResType2 = src2.getResourceStateType();
-									String srcResName2 = JerseyCodeGenerator.toVariableName(JerseyCodeGenerator.getComponentName(src2.getResourceHierarchy()));
-									String dependingGetter = JavaCodeGenerator.pullAccessor.getDirectStateAccessorFor(src2, resourceNode.getInSideResource(curChannel)).toImplementation(new String[] {});
-									stateGetter.addStatement(srcResType2.getInterfaceTypeName() + " " + srcResName2 + " = " + dependingGetter + ";");
+									String srcResName2 = langSpec.toVariableName(getComponentName(src2.getResourceHierarchy(), langSpec));
+									if (platformSpec.isMonolithic()) {
+										String dependingGetter = getPullAccessor(platformSpec).getDirectStateAccessorFor(src2, resourceNode.getInSideResource(curChannel)).toImplementation(new String[] {});
+										stateGetter.addStatement(langSpec.getVariableDeclaration(srcResType2.getInterfaceTypeName(), srcResName2)
+												+ langSpec.getAssignment() + dependingGetter + langSpec.getStatementDelimiter());
+									} else {
+										String srcPath2 = src2.toString().replaceAll(":.*\\}","\\}").replaceAll("\\{", "\"+").replaceAll("\\}", "+\"");
+										generatePullDataTransfer(stateGetter, srcResName2, srcPath2, srcResType2, false, platformSpec, langSpec);
+									}
 								}
 							}
 						}
 						// collect the message constraints by a descendant channel.
 						List<Variable> varsForSideEffects = new ArrayList<>();
 						int v = 0;
-						resourcePathsAndMessage = curChannel.fillOutsideResourcePaths(out, JavaCodeGenerator.pullAccessor, null);
+						resourcePathsAndMessage = curChannel.fillOutsideResourcePaths(out, getPullAccessor(platformSpec), null);
 						if (resourcePathsAndMessage != null) {
 							resourcePaths = resourcePathsAndMessage.getKey();
 							Term messageTermSub = resourcePathsAndMessage.getValue();
@@ -1053,13 +1123,13 @@
 								throw new UnificationFailed();
 							}
 						}
-						// enclosed by a for loop
+						// enclosed by a for loop (for data collecting pull transfer) 
 						Expression selExp = curChannel.getSelectors().get(0).getExpression();
 						Type selType = null;
-						String varName = null;
+						String forVarName = null;
 						if (selExp instanceof Variable) {
 							selType = ((Variable) selExp).getType();
-							varName = ((Variable) selExp).getName();
+							forVarName = ((Variable) selExp).getName();
 							ChannelMember insideChMem = null;
 							for (ChannelMember cm2 :curChannel.getInputChannelMembers()) {
 								if (!cm2.isOutside()) {
@@ -1080,20 +1150,45 @@
 								insideResPath = insideResPath.getParent();
 							}
 							insideResPath = insideResPath.getParent();
-							String parent = JavaCodeGenerator.pullAccessor.getDirectStateAccessorFor(insideResPath, resourceNode.getInSideResource(curChannel)).toImplementation(new String[] {});
 							if (insideResPath != null) {
+								String parent = null;
+								if (platformSpec.isMonolithic() 
+										|| insideResPath.getCommonPrefix(dstResPath) != null 
+										|| !platformSpec.isDifferentTreesAsDifferentServices()) {
+									if (!platformSpec.isMonolithic() && generatesComponent(insideResPath.getResourceHierarchy())) {
+										Expression parentGetter = getPullAccessor(platformSpec).getDirectStateAccessorFor(insideResPath, dstResPath);
+										Term valueGetter = new Term(new Symbol(getterOfResourceState, 1, Symbol.Type.METHOD));
+										valueGetter.addChild(parentGetter);
+										parent = valueGetter.toImplementation(new String[] {});
+									} else {
+										parent = getPullAccessor(platformSpec).getDirectStateAccessorFor(insideResPath, dstResPath).toImplementation(new String[] {});
+									}
+								} else {
+									// for REST API
+									parent = JerseyCodeGenerator.toVariableName(JerseyCodeGenerator.getComponentName(insideResPath.getResourceHierarchy()));
+								}
 								if (selType.equals(DataConstraintModel.typeInt)) {
 									// make a for loop (for a list) for data collecting.
-									stateGetter.addFirstStatement("for (int " + varName + " = 0; " + varName +" < " + parent + ".size(); " + varName + "++) {");
+									stateGetter.addFirstStatement(langSpec.getForStatementForList(forVarName, parent));
 								} else if (selType.equals(DataConstraintModel.typeString)) {
 									// make a for loop (for a map) for data collecting.
-									stateGetter.addFirstStatement("for (String " + varName + ": " + parent + ".keySet()) {");
+									stateGetter.addFirstStatement(langSpec.getForStatementForMap(forVarName, DataConstraintModel.typeString.getInterfaceTypeName(), parent));
+								}
+								if (!platformSpec.isMonolithic() 
+										&& insideResPath.getCommonPrefix(dstResPath) == null 
+										&& platformSpec.isDifferentTreesAsDifferentServices()) {
+									// for REST API
+									Type parentResType = insideResPath.getResourceStateType();
+									String parentResName = JerseyCodeGenerator.toVariableName(JerseyCodeGenerator.getComponentName(insideResPath.getResourceHierarchy()));
+									String parentResPath = insideResPath.toString().replaceAll(":.*\\}","\\}").replaceAll("\\{", "\"+").replaceAll("\\}", "+\"");
+									generatePullDataTransfer(stateGetter, parentResName, parentResPath, parentResType, true, platformSpec, langSpec);
 								}
 							}
 						}
 						// initialize the variables to hold side effects within the loop
 						for (Variable var: varsForSideEffects) {
-							stateGetter.addFirstStatement(var.getType().getInterfaceTypeName() + " " + var.getName() + " = new " + var.getType().getImplementationTypeName() + "();");
+							stateGetter.addFirstStatement(langSpec.getVariableDeclaration(var.getType().getInterfaceTypeName(), var.getName())
+									+ langSpec.getAssignment() + langSpec.getConstructorInvocation(var.getType().getImplementationTypeName(), null) + langSpec.getStatementDelimiter());
 						}
 						// end of the loop
 						stateGetter.addStatement("}");
@@ -1490,7 +1585,7 @@
 								} else {
 									Term conditions = null;
 									int i = 1;
-									Map<ChannelMember, Entry<ResourcePath, Set<ChannelMember>>> resourcePaths = ch.fillOutsideResourcePaths(out, JerseyCodeGenerator.pushAccessor);
+									Map<ChannelMember, Entry<ResourcePath, Set<ChannelMember>>> resourcePaths = ch.fillOutsideResourcePaths(out, getPushAccessor(platformSpec));
 									for (Expression pathParam: out.getResource().getPathParams()) {
 										if (pathParam instanceof Variable) {
 											String selfParamName = ((Variable) pathParam).getName();
@@ -1707,16 +1802,23 @@
 												insideResPath = insideResPath.getParent();
 											}
 											insideResPath = insideResPath.getParent();
-											String parent = null;
-											if (!platformSpec.isMonolithic() && generatesComponent(insideResPath.getResourceHierarchy())) {
-												Expression getter = getPullAccessor(platformSpec).getDirectStateAccessorFor(insideResPath, resourceNode.getPrimaryResourcePath());
-												Term valueGetter = new Term(new Symbol(getterOfResourceState, 1, Symbol.Type.METHOD));
-												valueGetter.addChild(getter);
-												parent = valueGetter.toImplementation(new String[] {});
-											} else {
-												parent = getPullAccessor(platformSpec).getDirectStateAccessorFor(insideResPath, resourceNode.getPrimaryResourcePath()).toImplementation(new String[] {});
-											}
 											if (insideResPath != null) {
+												String parent = null;
+												if (platformSpec.isMonolithic() 
+														|| insideResPath.getCommonPrefix(resourceNode.getOutSideResource(directDstCh)) != null 
+														|| !platformSpec.isDifferentTreesAsDifferentServices()) {
+													if (!platformSpec.isMonolithic() && generatesComponent(insideResPath.getResourceHierarchy())) {
+														Expression getter = getPullAccessor(platformSpec).getDirectStateAccessorFor(insideResPath, resourceNode.getOutSideResource(directDstCh));
+														Term valueGetter = new Term(new Symbol(getterOfResourceState, 1, Symbol.Type.METHOD));
+														valueGetter.addChild(getter);
+														parent = valueGetter.toImplementation(new String[] {});
+													} else {
+														parent = getPullAccessor(platformSpec).getDirectStateAccessorFor(insideResPath, resourceNode.getOutSideResource(directDstCh)).toImplementation(new String[] {});
+													}
+												} else {
+													// for REST API
+													parent = JerseyCodeGenerator.toVariableName(JerseyCodeGenerator.getComponentName(insideResPath.getResourceHierarchy()));
+												}
 												if (selType.equals(DataConstraintModel.typeInt)) {
 													// make a for loop (for a list) for broadcasting.
 													update.addStatement(langSpec.getForStatementForList(forVarName, parent));
@@ -1726,6 +1828,15 @@
 													update.addStatement(langSpec.getForStatementForMap(forVarName, DataConstraintModel.typeString.getInterfaceTypeName(), parent));
 													addForStatement = true;
 												}
+												if (!platformSpec.isMonolithic() 
+														&& insideResPath.getCommonPrefix(resourceNode.getOutSideResource(directDstCh)) == null 
+														&& platformSpec.isDifferentTreesAsDifferentServices()) {
+													// for REST API
+													Type parentResType = insideResPath.getResourceStateType();
+													String parentResName = JerseyCodeGenerator.toVariableName(JerseyCodeGenerator.getComponentName(insideResPath.getResourceHierarchy()));
+													String parentResPath = insideResPath.toString().replaceAll(":.*\\}","\\}").replaceAll("\\{", "\"+").replaceAll("\\}", "+\"");
+													generatePullDataTransfer(update, parentResName, parentResPath, parentResType, true, platformSpec, langSpec);
+												}
 											}
 										} else if (selExp instanceof Term) {
 											// not supported.
@@ -2507,8 +2618,23 @@
 													insideResPath = insideResPath.getParent();
 												}
 												insideResPath = insideResPath.getParent();
-												String parent = getPullAccessor(platformSpec).getDirectStateAccessorFor(insideResPath, resourceNode.getPrimaryResourcePath()).toImplementation(new String[] {});
 												if (insideResPath != null) {
+													String parent = null;
+													if (platformSpec.isMonolithic() 
+															|| insideResPath.getCommonPrefix(resourceNode.getOutSideResource(directDstCh)) != null 
+															|| !platformSpec.isDifferentTreesAsDifferentServices()) {
+														if (!platformSpec.isMonolithic() && generatesComponent(insideResPath.getResourceHierarchy())) {
+															Expression getter = getPullAccessor(platformSpec).getDirectStateAccessorFor(insideResPath, resourceNode.getOutSideResource(directDstCh));
+															Term valueGetter = new Term(new Symbol(getterOfResourceState, 1, Symbol.Type.METHOD));
+															valueGetter.addChild(getter);
+															parent = valueGetter.toImplementation(new String[] {});
+														} else {
+															parent = getPullAccessor(platformSpec).getDirectStateAccessorFor(insideResPath, resourceNode.getOutSideResource(directDstCh)).toImplementation(new String[] {});
+														}
+													} else {
+														// for REST API
+														parent = JerseyCodeGenerator.toVariableName(JerseyCodeGenerator.getComponentName(insideResPath.getResourceHierarchy()));
+													}
 													if (selType.equals(DataConstraintModel.typeInt)) {
 														// make a for loop (for a list) for broadcasting.
 														input.addStatement(langSpec.getForStatementForList(forVarName, parent));
@@ -2518,6 +2644,15 @@
 														input.addStatement(langSpec.getForStatementForMap(forVarName, DataConstraintModel.typeString.getInterfaceTypeName(), parent));
 														addForStatement = true;
 													}
+													if (!platformSpec.isMonolithic() 
+															&& insideResPath.getCommonPrefix(resourceNode.getOutSideResource(directDstCh)) == null 
+															&& platformSpec.isDifferentTreesAsDifferentServices()) {
+														// for REST API
+														Type parentResType = insideResPath.getResourceStateType();
+														String parentResName = JerseyCodeGenerator.toVariableName(JerseyCodeGenerator.getComponentName(insideResPath.getResourceHierarchy()));
+														String parentResPath = insideResPath.toString().replaceAll(":.*\\}","\\}").replaceAll("\\{", "\"+").replaceAll("\\}", "+\"");
+														generatePullDataTransfer(input, parentResName, parentResPath, parentResType, true, platformSpec, langSpec);
+													}
 												}
 											} else if (selExp instanceof Term) {
 												// not supported.
@@ -3055,9 +3190,9 @@
 				varName += "_json";
 				String mapTypeName = convertFromEntryToMapType(compType, langSpec);
 				respTypeName = "List<" + mapTypeName + ">";
-				respConverter += fromResourceType.getInterfaceTypeName() + " " + fromResourceName + langSpec.getAssignment() + langSpec.getConstructorInvocation(fromResourceType.getImplementationTypeName(), null) + langSpec.getStringDelimiter() + "\n";
+				respConverter += langSpec.getVariableDeclaration(fromResourceType.getInterfaceTypeName(), fromResourceName) + langSpec.getAssignment() + langSpec.getConstructorInvocation(fromResourceType.getImplementationTypeName(), null) + langSpec.getStatementDelimiter() + "\n";
 				respConverter += "for (" + mapTypeName + " i: " + varName + ") {\n";
-				respConverter += "\t" + fromResourceName + ".add(" + getCodeForConversionFromMapToTuple(compType, "i", langSpec) + ")" + langSpec.getStringDelimiter() + "\n";
+				respConverter += "\t" + fromResourceName + ".add(" + getCodeForConversionFromMapToTuple(compType, "i", langSpec) + ")" + langSpec.getStatementDelimiter() + "\n";
 				respConverter += "}";
 				restApiSpec.addJsonException(methodBody);
 			} else if (DataConstraintModel.typeMap.isAncestorOf(compType)) {
@@ -3066,17 +3201,17 @@
 		} else if (DataConstraintModel.typeTuple.isAncestorOf(fromResourceType)) {
 			varName += "_json";
 			respTypeName = convertFromEntryToMapType(fromResourceType, langSpec);
-			respConverter += fromResourceType.getInterfaceTypeName() + " " + fromResourceName + langSpec.getAssignment() + getCodeForConversionFromMapToTuple(fromResourceType, varName, langSpec) + langSpec.getStringDelimiter();
+			respConverter += langSpec.getVariableDeclaration(fromResourceType.getInterfaceTypeName(), fromResourceName) + langSpec.getAssignment() + getCodeForConversionFromMapToTuple(fromResourceType, varName, langSpec) + langSpec.getStatementDelimiter();
 			respImplTypeName = "HashMap";
 		} else if (DataConstraintModel.typePair.isAncestorOf(fromResourceType)) {
 			varName += "_json";
 			respTypeName = convertFromEntryToMapType(fromResourceType, langSpec);
-			respConverter += fromResourceType.getInterfaceTypeName() + " " + fromResourceName + langSpec.getAssignment() + getCodeForConversionFromMapToPair(fromResourceType, varName, langSpec) + langSpec.getStringDelimiter();
+			respConverter += langSpec.getVariableDeclaration(fromResourceType.getInterfaceTypeName(), fromResourceName) + langSpec.getAssignment() + getCodeForConversionFromMapToPair(fromResourceType, varName, langSpec) + langSpec.getStatementDelimiter();
 			respImplTypeName = "HashMap";
 		} else if (DataConstraintModel.typeMap.isAncestorOf(fromResourceType)) {
 			varName += "_json";
 			respTypeName = convertFromEntryToMapType(fromResourceType, langSpec);
-			respConverter += fromResourceType.getInterfaceTypeName() + " " + fromResourceName + langSpec.getAssignment() + langSpec.getConstructorInvocation(fromResourceType.getImplementationTypeName(), null) + langSpec.getStringDelimiter() + "\n";
+			respConverter += langSpec.getVariableDeclaration(fromResourceType.getInterfaceTypeName(), fromResourceName) + langSpec.getAssignment() + langSpec.getConstructorInvocation(fromResourceType.getImplementationTypeName(), null) + langSpec.getStatementDelimiter() + "\n";
 			respConverter += getCodeForConversionFromMapToMap(fromResourceType, varName, fromResourceName, langSpec);
 			respImplTypeName = "HashMap";
 		}
@@ -3084,9 +3219,9 @@
 			if (respConverter.length() > 0) {
 				methodBody.addFirstStatement(respConverter);
 			}
-			methodBody.addFirstStatement(respTypeName + " " + varName + " = " + restApiSpec.getHttpMethodCallWithResponseStatement(restApiSpec.getBaseURL(), fromResourcePath, getterPrefix, respImplTypeName));
+			methodBody.addFirstStatement(langSpec.getVariableDeclaration(respTypeName, varName) + langSpec.getAssignment() + restApiSpec.getHttpMethodCallWithResponseStatement(restApiSpec.getBaseURL(), fromResourcePath, getterPrefix, respImplTypeName));
 		} else {
-			methodBody.addStatement(respTypeName + " " + varName + " = " + restApiSpec.getHttpMethodCallWithResponseStatement(restApiSpec.getBaseURL(), fromResourcePath, getterPrefix, respImplTypeName));
+			methodBody.addStatement(langSpec.getVariableDeclaration(respTypeName, varName) + langSpec.getAssignment() + restApiSpec.getHttpMethodCallWithResponseStatement(restApiSpec.getBaseURL(), fromResourcePath, getterPrefix, respImplTypeName));
 			if (respConverter.length() > 0) {
 				methodBody.addStatement(respConverter);
 			}
diff --git a/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/JavaCodeGenerator.java b/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/JavaCodeGenerator.java
index 2a8d5f4..61bb142 100644
--- a/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/JavaCodeGenerator.java
+++ b/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/JavaCodeGenerator.java
@@ -1279,6 +1279,7 @@
 				if (!target.isOutside()) {
 					return getDirectStateAccessorFor(targetRes, fromRes);
 				}
+				// Get the next state by invoking a getter method.
 				Term getter = null;
 				String targetComponentName = getComponentName(targetRes.getResourceHierarchy());
 				if (generatesComponent(targetRes.getResourceHierarchy())) {
diff --git a/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/JavaMethodBodyGenerator.java b/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/JavaMethodBodyGenerator.java
index 2cba6d3..d626b70 100644
--- a/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/JavaMethodBodyGenerator.java
+++ b/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/JavaMethodBodyGenerator.java
@@ -469,8 +469,8 @@
 														insideResPath = insideResPath.getParent();
 													}
 													insideResPath = insideResPath.getParent();
-													String parent = JavaCodeGenerator.pullAccessor.getDirectStateAccessorFor(insideResPath, src.getPrimaryResourcePath()).toImplementation(new String[] {});
 													if (insideResPath != null) {
+														String parent = JavaCodeGenerator.pullAccessor.getDirectStateAccessorFor(insideResPath, src.getOutSideResource(directDstCh)).toImplementation(new String[] {});
 														if (selType.equals(DataConstraintModel.typeInt)) {
 															// make a for loop (for a list) for broadcasting.
 															srcUpdate.addFirstStatement("for (int " + forVarName + " = 0; " + forVarName +" < " + parent + ".size(); " + forVarName + "++) {");
@@ -620,8 +620,8 @@
 														insideResPath = insideResPath.getParent();
 													}
 													insideResPath = insideResPath.getParent();
-													String parent = JavaCodeGenerator.pullAccessor.getDirectStateAccessorFor(insideResPath, src.getPrimaryResourcePath()).toImplementation(new String[] {});
 													if (insideResPath != null) {
+														String parent = JavaCodeGenerator.pullAccessor.getDirectStateAccessorFor(insideResPath, src.getOutSideResource(directDstCh)).toImplementation(new String[] {});
 														if (selType.equals(DataConstraintModel.typeInt)) {
 															// make a for loop (for a list) for broadcasting.
 															srcInput.addFirstStatement("for (int " + varName + " = 0; " + varName +" < " + parent + ".size(); " + varName + "++) {");
@@ -793,8 +793,8 @@
 															insideResPath = insideResPath.getParent();
 														}
 														insideResPath = insideResPath.getParent();
-														String parent = JavaCodeGenerator.pullAccessor.getDirectStateAccessorFor(insideResPath, src.getPrimaryResourcePath()).toImplementation(new String[] {});
 														if (insideResPath != null) {
+															String parent = JavaCodeGenerator.pullAccessor.getDirectStateAccessorFor(insideResPath, dst.getInSideResource(ch)).toImplementation(new String[] {});
 															if (selType.equals(DataConstraintModel.typeInt)) {
 																// make a for loop (for a list) for data collecting.
 																getter.addFirstStatement("for (int " + varName + " = 0; " + varName +" < " + parent + ".size(); " + varName + "++) {");
diff --git a/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/JerseyCodeGenerator.java b/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/JerseyCodeGenerator.java
index 8f25f75..bd709ef 100644
--- a/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/JerseyCodeGenerator.java
+++ b/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/JerseyCodeGenerator.java
@@ -1457,6 +1457,7 @@
 					return getDirectStateAccessorFor(targetRes, fromRes);
 				}
 			}
+			// Get the next state through a local variable which is to be initialized by a response of a GET API.
 			return new Parameter(toVariableName(getComponentName(targetRes.getResourceHierarchy())),
 					targetRes.getResourceStateType() != null ? targetRes.getResourceStateType()
 							: DataConstraintModel.typeInt);
diff --git a/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/JerseyMethodBodyGenerator.java b/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/JerseyMethodBodyGenerator.java
index 62140b9..da1c8fe 100644
--- a/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/JerseyMethodBodyGenerator.java
+++ b/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/JerseyMethodBodyGenerator.java
@@ -821,6 +821,8 @@
 									}
 									if (getter.getBody() == null || getter.getBody().getStatements().size() == 0) {
 										// The first time to fill the getter method's body.
+										
+										// Data transfer on the same channel hierarchy.
 										String[] sideEffects = new String[] {""};
 										// For each reference channel member, get the current state of the reference side resource by pull data transfer.
 										for (ChannelMember rc: ch.getReferenceChannelMembers()) {
@@ -846,14 +848,19 @@
 												getter.addFirstStatement(sideEffects[0] + refTypeName + " " + refResourceName + " = " + refExp + ";");
 											}
 										}
+										
+										// Construct the base message.
 										Map.Entry<Map<ChannelMember, Entry<ResourcePath, Set<ChannelMember>>>, Term> resourcePathsAndMessage = ch.fillOutsideResourcePaths(out, JerseyCodeGenerator.pullAccessor, null);
 										Map<ChannelMember, Entry<ResourcePath, Set<ChannelMember>>> resourcePaths = resourcePathsAndMessage.getKey();
 										Term messageTerm = resourcePathsAndMessage.getValue();
+										
+										// Data transfer from path depending resource.
 										for (Entry<ChannelMember, Entry<ResourcePath, Set<ChannelMember>>> pathEnt: resourcePaths.entrySet()) {
 											ChannelMember cm = pathEnt.getKey();
 											ResourcePath src2 = pathEnt.getValue().getKey();
-											// get outside src resource state by pull data transfer.
+											// get outside src2 resource state by pull data transfer.
 											if (cm.isOutside() || src2.getCommonPrefix(dst.getInSideResource(ch)) == null) {
+												// Data transfer from an outside input resource is regarded as PULL transfer.
 												List<String> pathParams = new ArrayList<>();
 												for (Expression pathExp: src2.getPathParams()) {
 													sideEffects = new String[] {""};
@@ -866,17 +873,19 @@
 												generatePullDataTransfer(getter, srcResName2, srcPath2, srcResourceType);
 											}
 										}
-										// Should take into account the channel hierarchy.
+										
+										// Data transfer from the descendant channel hierarchies.
 										Stack<Iterator<Channel>> channelItrStack = new Stack<>();
 										DataTransferChannel curChannel = ch;
 										if (curChannel.getChildren() != null && curChannel.getChildren().size() > 0) {
-											// retrieve descendant channels recursively.
+											// retrieve descendant channels recursively. 
+											// (For each descendant channel, data transfer from every input resource is regarded as PULL transfer.)
 											Iterator<Channel> chItr = curChannel.getChildren().iterator();
 											do {
 												if (!chItr.hasNext()) {
 													chItr = channelItrStack.pop();
 												} else {
-													curChannel = (DataTransferChannel) chItr.next();												
+													curChannel = (DataTransferChannel) chItr.next();
 													// generate pull data transfers.
 													Set<ChannelMember> chMems = new HashSet<>(curChannel.getInputChannelMembers());
 													chMems.addAll(curChannel.getReferenceChannelMembers());
diff --git a/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/JerseySpecific.java b/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/JerseySpecific.java
index 5db510d..e4ee223 100644
--- a/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/JerseySpecific.java
+++ b/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/JerseySpecific.java
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@
 		if (responseTypeName.contains("<")) {
 			responseShortTypeName = responseTypeName.substring(0, responseTypeName.indexOf("<"));
 		}
-		return "client.target(\"" + baseURL + "\").path(\"/" + resourceName + "\").request()." + httpMethod + "(" + responseShortTypeName + ".class)" + langSpec.getStatementDelimiter() + "\n";	
+		return "client.target(\"" + baseURL + "\").path(\"/" + resourceName + "\").request()." + httpMethod + "(" + responseShortTypeName + ".class)" + langSpec.getStatementDelimiter();	
 	}
 
 	@Override