diff --git a/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/CodeGenerator.java b/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/CodeGenerator.java
index 9c77ea6..f90f701 100644
--- a/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/CodeGenerator.java
+++ b/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/CodeGenerator.java
@@ -57,6 +57,8 @@
 	public static final String updateMethodPrefix = "update";
 	public static final String from = "From";
 	public static final String _for = "For";
+	public static final String presenter = "presenter";
+	public static final Type presenterType = new Type("SwingPresenter", "SwingPresenter");
 	private static String mainTypeName = null;
 	private static ILanguageSpecific langSpec = null;
 	private static IPlatformSpecific platformSpec = null;
diff --git a/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/CodeGeneratorFromDataFlowGraph.java b/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/CodeGeneratorFromDataFlowGraph.java
index c87b111..37d70a5 100644
--- a/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/CodeGeneratorFromDataFlowGraph.java
+++ b/AlgebraicDataflowArchitectureModel/src/generators/CodeGeneratorFromDataFlowGraph.java
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
 import models.dataFlowModel.ChannelNode;
 import models.dataFlowModel.StoreAttribute;
 import models.dataFlowModel.DataTransferChannel.IResourceStateAccessor;
+import simulator.ResourceIdentifier;
 
 public class CodeGeneratorFromDataFlowGraph extends CodeGenerator {
 
@@ -175,7 +176,7 @@
 			
 			// Declare cache fields and update methods in this resource, and an update accessor method in the type of root resource.
 			Map.Entry<List<String>, Map<MethodDeclaration, Map.Entry<Expression, Map.Entry<ResourceHierarchy, ResourceHierarchy>>>> initStatementsAndUpdateUpdates
-								= declareCacheFieldsAndUpdateMethods(resourceNode, component, parentComponent, rootComponent, platformSpec, langSpec);
+								= declareCacheFieldsAndUpdateMethods(resourceNode, component, parentComponent, rootComponent, constructorParams, platformSpec, langSpec);
 			if (component == null) {
 				// Constructor statements were not added to any component because no component had been generated.
 				for (String statement: initStatementsAndUpdateUpdates.getKey()) {
@@ -209,7 +210,7 @@
 			// Declare input methods in this component and the main component.
 			if (!generatedResources.contains(resourceHierarchy)) {
 				Map.Entry<List<String>, Map<MethodDeclaration, Map.Entry<Expression, Map.Entry<ResourceHierarchy, ResourceHierarchy>>>> initStatementsAndInputUpdates
-									= declareInputMethodsInThisAndMainComponents(resourceNode, component, parentComponent, mainComponent, rootComponent, model, priorMemberForInputChannel, platformSpec, langSpec);
+									= declareInputMethodsInThisAndMainComponents(resourceNode, component, parentComponent, mainComponent, rootComponent, model, priorMemberForInputChannel, constructorParams, platformSpec, langSpec);
 				if (component == null) {
 					// Constructor statements were not added to any component because no component had been generated.
 					for (String statement: initStatementsAndInputUpdates.getKey()) {
@@ -1335,7 +1336,7 @@
 	}
 	
 	private Map.Entry<List<String>, Map<MethodDeclaration, Map.Entry<Expression, Map.Entry<ResourceHierarchy, ResourceHierarchy>>>> declareCacheFieldsAndUpdateMethods(ResourceNode resourceNode, 
-			TypeDeclaration component, TypeDeclaration parentComponent, TypeDeclaration rootComponent, IPlatformSpecific platformSpec, ILanguageSpecific langSpec) {
+			TypeDeclaration component, TypeDeclaration parentComponent, TypeDeclaration rootComponent, Map<ResourceHierarchy, Map<String, VariableDeclaration>> constructorParams, IPlatformSpecific platformSpec, ILanguageSpecific langSpec) {
 		// Declare cash fields and update methods in the component.
 		String resComponentName = getComponentName(resourceNode.getResourceHierarchy(), langSpec);
 		List<String> constructorStatements = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -2003,210 +2004,27 @@
 																					refVarName)));
 									}
 								}
-								List<Map.Entry<Type, Map.Entry<String, String>>> pathParams = new ArrayList<>();								
-								if (platformSpec.isMonolithic()) {
-									// Update fields to refer to outside resources.
-									ResourcePath filledOutsideResourcePath = null;
-									try {
-										Map<ChannelMember, Entry<ResourcePath, Set<ChannelMember>>> resourcePaths = ch2.fillOutsideResourcePaths(out1, getPullAccessor(platformSpec));
-										if (resourcePaths != null && resourcePaths.size() > 0) {
-											for (ChannelMember outsideMember: resourcePaths.keySet()) {
-												ResourcePath outsidePath = resourcePaths.get(outsideMember).getKey();
-												if (out1.equals(outsideMember)) {
-													filledOutsideResourcePath = outsidePath;
-												}
-												if (!generatesComponent(outsidePath.getResourceHierarchy())) {
-													outsidePath = outsidePath.getParent();
-												}
-												String outsideResName = langSpec.toVariableName(getComponentName(outsidePath.getResourceHierarchy(), langSpec));
-												Expression outsideExp = getPullAccessor(platformSpec).getDirectStateAccessorFor(outsidePath, null);
-												if (generatesComponent(outsidePath.getResourceHierarchy())) {
-													outsideExp = ((Term) outsideExp).getChild(0);
-												}
-												if (outsideExp instanceof Field) {
-													outsideExp = new Variable(((Field) outsideExp).getSymbol().getName(), ((Field) outsideExp).getType());
-												} else if (outsideExp instanceof Term) {
-													for (Entry<Position, Field> fieldEnt: ((Term) outsideExp).getSubTerms(Field.class).entrySet()) {
-														Position pos = fieldEnt.getKey();
-														Field field = fieldEnt.getValue();
-														Variable var = new Variable(field.getSymbol().getName(), field.getType());
-														((Term) outsideExp).replaceSubTerm(pos, var);
-													}
-												}
-												String[] sideEffects = new String[] {""};
-												String outsideAccessor = outsideExp.toImplementation(sideEffects);
-												update.addStatement(langSpec.getFieldAccessor(outsideResName) + langSpec.getAssignment() + outsideAccessor + langSpec.getStatementDelimiter());		// change the reference field.
-											}
-										}
-									} catch (ParameterizedIdentifierIsFutureWork | ResolvingMultipleDefinitionIsFutureWork
-											| InvalidMessage | UnificationFailed | ValueUndefined e) {
-										e.printStackTrace();
-									}
-									// Values of path parameters to call the update method.
-									if (filledOutsideResourcePath == null) {
-										filledOutsideResourcePath = out1.getResource();
-									}
-									for (Expression pathParam: filledOutsideResourcePath.getPathParams()) {
-										if (pathParam instanceof Variable) {
-											Variable pathVar = (Variable) pathParam;
-											pathParams.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(pathVar.getType(),
-														   new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(pathVar.getName(),
-																   						 pathVar.getName())));
-										} else if (pathParam instanceof Constant) {
-											Constant pathVar = (Constant) pathParam;
-											pathParams.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(pathVar.getType(),
-														   new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(pathVar.getSymbol().getName(),
-																   						 pathVar.getSymbol().getName())));
-										}
-									}
-								} else {
-									// Values of path parameters to call the update method.
-									for (Expression pathParam: out1.getResource().getPathParams()) {
-										if (pathParam instanceof Variable) {
-											Variable pathVar = (Variable) pathParam;
-											pathParams.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(pathVar.getType(),
-														   new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(pathVar.getName(),
-																   						 pathVar.getName())));
-										}
-									}
-								}
-								// Values of channel parameters to call the update method.
-								List<Map.Entry<Type, Map.Entry<String, String>>> params = new ArrayList<>();								
-								for (Selector selector: ch2.getAllSelectors()) {
-									if (selector.getExpression() instanceof Variable) {
-										Variable selVar = (Variable) selector.getExpression();
-										params.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(selVar.getType(), 
-												   new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(selVar.getName(), 
-														   						 selVar.getName())));
-									}
-								}
-								// Value of the source side (input side) resource to call the update method.
-								ResourceHierarchy srcRes2 = resourceNode.getResourceHierarchy();
-								if (generatesComponent(srcRes2)) {
-									params.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(srcRes2.getResourceStateType(), 
-											   new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(langSpec.toVariableName(srcRes2.getResourceName()), 
-																			 langSpec.getFieldAccessor(fieldOfResourceState))));
-								} else {
-									params.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(srcRes2.getResourceStateType(),
-											   new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(langSpec.toVariableName(srcRes2.getResourceName()),
-													   						 langSpec.getFieldAccessor(langSpec.toVariableName(srcRes2.getResourceName())))));
-									srcRes2 = srcRes2.getParent();									
-								}
-								params.addAll(refParams);
-								// Call the update method.
-								String updateMethodName = null;
-								ResourceHierarchy dstRes = dstNode.getResourceHierarchy();
-								if (!generatesComponent(dstRes)) {
-									updateMethodName = updateMethodPrefix + getComponentName(dstRes, langSpec) + from + resComponentName;
-									dstRes = dstRes.getParent();
-								} else {
-									updateMethodName = updateMethodPrefix + from + resComponentName;									
-								}
-								String dstCompName = langSpec.toVariableName(getComponentName(dstRes, langSpec));
-								if (outsideOutputResource2 
-										|| (!platformSpec.isMonolithic() && in.getResource().getCommonPrefix(out1.getResource()) == null && platformSpec.isDifferentTreesAsDifferentServices())) {
-									// Inter-servces
-									if (!platformSpec.isMonolithic()) {
-										// REST API
-										RestApiSpecific restApiSpec = (RestApiSpecific) platformSpec;
-										String httpMethod = null;
-										if (out1.getStateTransition().isRightUnary()) {
-											httpMethod = "put";									
-										} else {
-											httpMethod = "post";
-										}
-										String[] sideEffects = new String[] {""};
-										List<String> pathParamsUrl = new ArrayList<>();
-										for (Expression pathExp: out1.getResource().getPathParams()) {
-											pathParamsUrl.add("\" + " + pathExp.toImplementation(sideEffects) + " + \"");
-										}
-										String resName = langSpec.toVariableName(resComponentName);
-										if (inDegree <= 1) {
-											resName = null;
-										}
-										Map<ChannelMember, Entry<ResourcePath, Set<ChannelMember>>> filledPaths = null;
-										try {
-											filledPaths = ch2.fillOutsideResourcePaths(out1, getPushAccessor(platformSpec));
-										} catch (ParameterizedIdentifierIsFutureWork
-												| ResolvingMultipleDefinitionIsFutureWork | InvalidMessage
-												| UnificationFailed | ValueUndefined e) {
-											e.printStackTrace();
-										}
-										String dstPath = null;
-										if (filledPaths != null && filledPaths.get(out1) != null) {
-											ResourcePath filledDstPath = filledPaths.get(out1).getKey();
-											dstPath = filledDstPath.toResourcePath().replaceAll(":.*\\}","\\}").replaceAll("\\{", "\"+").replaceAll("\\}", "+\"");
-										} else {
-											dstPath = dstRes.toResourcePath(pathParamsUrl);
-										}
-										// Call the update method.
-										if (!hasUpdateMethodinvoked) {
-											// The first call to an update method in this method
-											update.addStatement(restApiSpec.getHttpMethodParamsConstructionStatement(srcRes2.getResourceName(), params, true));
-											update.addStatement(langSpec.getVariableDeclaration(DataConstraintModel.typeString.getInterfaceTypeName(), "result")
-																		+ langSpec.getAssignment() + restApiSpec.getHttpMethodCallStatement(restApiSpec.getBaseURL(), dstPath, resName, httpMethod));
-											if (component != null && !((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).hasHttpClientFieldDeclaration(component)) {
-												// Declare a client field to connect to the destination resource of push transfer.
-												((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).addHttpClientFieldDeclaration(component);
-											} else if (parentComponent != null && !((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).hasHttpClientFieldDeclaration(parentComponent)) {
-												// Declare a client field to connect to the destination resource of push transfer.
-												((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).addHttpClientFieldDeclaration(parentComponent);
-											}
-											if (!((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).hasJsonException(update)) {
-												((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).addJsonException(update);
-											}
-											hasUpdateMethodinvoked = true;
-										} else {
-											// After the second time of call to update methods in this method
-											update.addStatement(restApiSpec.getHttpMethodParamsConstructionStatement(srcRes2.getResourceName(), params, false));
-											update.addStatement("result" + langSpec.getAssignment() + restApiSpec.getHttpMethodCallStatement(restApiSpec.getBaseURL(), dstPath, resName, httpMethod));
-											if (component != null && !((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).hasHttpClientFieldDeclaration(component)) {
-												// Declare a client field to connect to the destination resource of push transfer.
-												((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).addHttpClientFieldDeclaration(component);
-											} else if (parentComponent != null && !((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).hasHttpClientFieldDeclaration(parentComponent)) {
-												// Declare a client field to connect to the destination resource of push transfer.
-												((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).addHttpClientFieldDeclaration(parentComponent);
-											}
-											if (!((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).hasJsonException(update)) {
-												((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).addJsonException(update);
-											}
-										}
-									} else {
-										// Use the reference field to refer to outside destination resource.									
-										List<String> args = new ArrayList<>();
-										for (Map.Entry<Type, Map.Entry<String, String>> paramEnt: pathParams) {
-											args.add(paramEnt.getValue().getValue());
-										}
-										for (Map.Entry<Type, Map.Entry<String, String>> paramEnt: params) {
-											args.add(paramEnt.getValue().getValue());
-										}
-										update.addStatement(langSpec.getMethodInvocation(langSpec.getFieldAccessor(dstCompName), updateMethodName, args) 
-												+ langSpec.getStatementDelimiter());	// this.dst.updateDstFromSrc(value, refParams);
-									}
-								} else {
-									// Intra-service
-									// The destination resource is not outside.
-									List<String> args = new ArrayList<>();
-									for (Map.Entry<Type, Map.Entry<String, String>> paramEnt: pathParams) {
-										args.add(paramEnt.getValue().getValue());
-									}
-									for (Map.Entry<Type, Map.Entry<String, String>> paramEnt: params) {
-										args.add(paramEnt.getValue().getValue());
-									}
-									if (srcRes2 != dstRes) {
-										update.addStatement(langSpec.getMethodInvocation(langSpec.getFieldAccessor(dstCompName), updateMethodName, args) 
-												+ langSpec.getStatementDelimiter());	// this.dst.updateDstFromSrc(value, refParams);
-									} else {
-										update.addStatement(langSpec.getMethodInvocation(updateMethodName, args)
-												+ langSpec.getStatementDelimiter());	// this.updateDstFromSrc(value, refParams);
-									}
-								}
-								if (addForStatement) {
-									// Close the for loop
-									update.addStatement(langSpec.getEndForStatement(forVarName));
-								}
+								// Add an update method invocation.
+								hasUpdateMethodinvoked = addUpdateMethodInvocation(resourceNode, dstNode, update,
+										refParams, component, parentComponent, resComponentName, ch2, in, out1,
+										inDegree, outsideOutputResource2, forVarName, addForStatement,
+										hasUpdateMethodinvoked, platformSpec, langSpec);
 							}
 						}
+						
+						// Add an invocation to output native event channel.
+						if (directDstCh.isNative() && platformSpec.isMonolithic()) {
+							addNativeMethodInvocation(resourceNode, presenter, update, ch, directDstCh, out, in, platformSpec, langSpec);
+							if (component != null) {
+								component.addField(langSpec.newFieldDeclaration(presenterType, presenter));
+							} else if (parentComponent != null) {
+								parentComponent.addField(langSpec.newFieldDeclaration(presenterType, presenter));
+							}
+							Map<String, VariableDeclaration> nameToParam = constructorParams.getOrDefault(resourceNode.getResourceHierarchy(), new HashMap<>());
+							nameToParam.put(presenter,langSpec.newVariableDeclaration(presenterType, presenter));
+							constructorParams.put(resourceNode.getResourceHierarchy(), nameToParam);
+						}
+						
 						if (outsideInputMembers2.size() > 0) {
 							if (!generatesComponent(resourceNode.getResourceHierarchy())) {
 								// srcRes2 does not have a component.
@@ -2269,7 +2087,7 @@
 	}
 	
 	private Map.Entry<List<String>, Map<MethodDeclaration, Map.Entry<Expression, Map.Entry<ResourceHierarchy, ResourceHierarchy>>>> declareInputMethodsInThisAndMainComponents(ResourceNode resourceNode, TypeDeclaration component,
-			TypeDeclaration parentComponent, TypeDeclaration mainComponent, TypeDeclaration rootComponent, DataTransferModel model, Map<Channel, ChannelMember> priorMemberForInputChannel, IPlatformSpecific platformSpec, ILanguageSpecific langSpec) {
+			TypeDeclaration parentComponent, TypeDeclaration mainComponent, TypeDeclaration rootComponent, DataTransferModel model, Map<Channel, ChannelMember> priorMemberForInputChannel, Map<ResourceHierarchy, Map<String, VariableDeclaration>> constructorParams, IPlatformSpecific platformSpec, ILanguageSpecific langSpec) {
 		// Declare input methods.
 		String resName = resourceNode.getResourceName();
 		String resComponentName = langSpec.toComponentName(resName);
@@ -2798,6 +2616,22 @@
 							for (ChannelNode descendantDst: descendantDstChannels) {
 								outEdges.addAll(descendantDst.getOutEdges());
 							}
+							// Calculate in-degree (PUSH transfer) of the destination resource.
+							Set<Edge> inEdges = new HashSet<>();
+							inEdges.addAll(directDstChNode.getInEdges());
+							for (ChannelNode ancestorSrc: ancestorDstChannels) {
+								inEdges.addAll(ancestorSrc.getInEdges());
+							}
+							for (ChannelNode descendantSrc: descendantDstChannels) {
+								inEdges.addAll(descendantSrc.getInEdges());
+							}
+							int inDegree = 0;
+							for (Edge resToCh2: inEdges) {
+								DataFlowEdge df =(DataFlowEdge) resToCh2;
+								if (((PushPullAttribute) df.getAttribute()).getSelectedOption() == PushPullValue.PUSH) {
+									inDegree++;
+								}
+							}
 							for (Edge chToRes: outEdges) {
 								// For each data transfer to dstNode:ResourceNode.
 								ResourceNode dstNode = ((ResourceNode) chToRes.getDestination());
@@ -2824,23 +2658,6 @@
 								}
 								if ((((PushPullAttribute) dOut.getAttribute()).getSelectedOption() == PushPullValue.PUSH && !outsideInputResource2) || outsideOutputResource2) {
 									// PUSH transfer
-									
-									// Calculate in-degree (PUSH transfer) of the destination resource.
-									Set<Edge> inEdges = new HashSet<>();
-									inEdges.addAll(directDstChNode.getInEdges());
-									for (ChannelNode ancestorSrc: ancestorDstChannels) {
-										inEdges.addAll(ancestorSrc.getInEdges());
-									}
-									for (ChannelNode descendantSrc: descendantDstChannels) {
-										inEdges.addAll(descendantSrc.getInEdges());
-									}
-									int inDegree = 0;
-									for (Edge resToCh2: inEdges) {
-										DataFlowEdge df =(DataFlowEdge) resToCh2;
-										if (((PushPullAttribute) df.getAttribute()).getSelectedOption() == PushPullValue.PUSH) {
-											inDegree++;
-										}
-									}
 									boolean addForStatement = false;
 									String forVarName = null;
 									if (descendantDstChannels.contains(chNode2)) {
@@ -2956,211 +2773,27 @@
 																					refVarName)));
 										}
 									}
-									List<Map.Entry<Type, Map.Entry<String, String>>> pathParams = new ArrayList<>();								
-									if (platformSpec.isMonolithic()) {
-										// Update fields to refer to outside resources.
-										ResourcePath filledOutsideResourcePath = null;
-										try {
-											Map<ChannelMember, Entry<ResourcePath, Set<ChannelMember>>> resourcePaths = ch2.fillOutsideResourcePaths(out2, getPullAccessor(platformSpec));
-											if (resourcePaths != null && resourcePaths.size() > 0) {
-												for (ChannelMember outsideMember: resourcePaths.keySet()) {
-													ResourcePath outsidePath = resourcePaths.get(outsideMember).getKey();
-													if (out2.equals(outsideMember)) {
-														filledOutsideResourcePath = outsidePath;
-													}
-													if (!generatesComponent(outsidePath.getResourceHierarchy())) {
-														outsidePath = outsidePath.getParent();
-													}
-													String outsideResName = langSpec.toVariableName(getComponentName(outsidePath.getResourceHierarchy(), langSpec));
-													Expression outsideExp = getPullAccessor(platformSpec).getDirectStateAccessorFor(outsidePath, null);
-													if (generatesComponent(outsidePath.getResourceHierarchy())) {
-														outsideExp = ((Term) outsideExp).getChild(0);
-													}
-													if (outsideExp instanceof Field) {
-														outsideExp = new Variable(((Field) outsideExp).getSymbol().getName(), ((Field) outsideExp).getType());
-													} else if (outsideExp instanceof Term) {
-														for (Entry<Position, Field> fieldEnt: ((Term) outsideExp).getSubTerms(Field.class).entrySet()) {
-															Position pos = fieldEnt.getKey();
-															Field field = fieldEnt.getValue();
-															Variable var = new Variable(field.getSymbol().getName(), field.getType());
-															((Term) outsideExp).replaceSubTerm(pos, var);
-														}
-													}
-													String[] sideEffects = new String[] {""};
-													String outsideAccessor = outsideExp.toImplementation(sideEffects);
-													input.addStatement(langSpec.getFieldAccessor(outsideResName) + langSpec.getAssignment() + outsideAccessor + langSpec.getStatementDelimiter());		// change the reference field.
-												}
-											}
-										} catch (ParameterizedIdentifierIsFutureWork | ResolvingMultipleDefinitionIsFutureWork
-												| InvalidMessage | UnificationFailed | ValueUndefined e) {
-											e.printStackTrace();
-										}
-										// Values of path parameters to call the update method.
-										if (filledOutsideResourcePath == null) {
-											filledOutsideResourcePath = out2.getResource();
-										}
-										for (Expression pathParam: filledOutsideResourcePath.getPathParams()) {
-											if (pathParam instanceof Variable) {
-												Variable pathVar = (Variable) pathParam;
-												pathParams.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(pathVar.getType(),
-														   new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(pathVar.getName(),
-																   						 pathVar.getName())));
-											} else if (pathParam instanceof Constant) {
-												Constant pathVar = (Constant) pathParam;
-												pathParams.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(pathVar.getType(),
-															   new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(pathVar.getSymbol().getName(),
-																	   						 pathVar.getSymbol().getName())));
-											}
-										}
-									} else {
-										// Values of path parameters to call the update method.
-										for (Expression pathParam: out2.getResource().getPathParams()) {
-											if (pathParam instanceof Variable) {
-												Variable pathVar = (Variable) pathParam;
-												pathParams.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(pathVar.getType(),
-														   new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(pathVar.getName(),
-																   						 pathVar.getName())));
-											}
-										}
-									}
-									// Values of channel parameters to call the update method.
-									List<Map.Entry<Type, Map.Entry<String, String>>> params = new ArrayList<>();
-									for (Selector selector: ch2.getAllSelectors()) {
-										if (selector.getExpression() instanceof Variable) {
-											Variable selVar = (Variable) selector.getExpression();
-											params.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(selVar.getType(), 
-													   new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(selVar.getName(), 
-															   						 selVar.getName())));
-										}
-									}
-									// Value of the source side (input side) resource to call the update method.
-									ResourceHierarchy srcRes = resourceNode.getResourceHierarchy();
-									if (generatesComponent(srcRes)) {
-										params.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(srcRes.getResourceStateType(), 
-												   new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(langSpec.toVariableName(srcRes.getResourceName()), 
-																				 langSpec.getFieldAccessor(fieldOfResourceState))));
-									} else {
-										params.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(srcRes.getResourceStateType(),
-												   new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(langSpec.toVariableName(srcRes.getResourceName()),
-														   						 langSpec.getFieldAccessor(langSpec.toVariableName(srcRes.getResourceName())))));
-										srcRes = srcRes.getParent();
-									}
-									params.addAll(refParams);
-									// Call the update method.
-									String updateMethodName = null;
-									ResourceHierarchy dstRes = dstNode.getResourceHierarchy();
-									if (!generatesComponent(dstRes)) {
-										updateMethodName = updateMethodPrefix + getComponentName(dstRes, langSpec) + from + resComponentName;									
-										dstRes = dstRes.getParent();
-									} else {
-										updateMethodName = updateMethodPrefix + from + resComponentName;									
-									}
-									String dstCompName = langSpec.toVariableName(getComponentName(dstRes, langSpec));
-									if (outsideOutputResource2 
-											|| (!platformSpec.isMonolithic() && in.getResource().getCommonPrefix(out2.getResource()) == null && platformSpec.isDifferentTreesAsDifferentServices())) {
-										// Inter-servces
-										if (!platformSpec.isMonolithic()) {
-											// REST API
-											RestApiSpecific restApiSpec = (RestApiSpecific) platformSpec;
-											String httpMethod = null;
-											if (out2.getStateTransition().isRightUnary()) {
-												httpMethod = "put";									
-											} else {
-												httpMethod = "post";
-											}
-											String[] sideEffects = new String[] {""};
-											List<String> pathParamsUrl = new ArrayList<>();
-											for (Expression pathExp: out2.getResource().getPathParams()) {
-												pathParamsUrl.add("\" + " + pathExp.toImplementation(sideEffects) + " + \"");
-											}
-											String resName2 = langSpec.toVariableName(resComponentName);
-											if (inDegree <= 1) {
-												resName2 = null;
-											}
-											Map<ChannelMember, Entry<ResourcePath, Set<ChannelMember>>> filledPaths = null;
-											try {
-												filledPaths = ch2.fillOutsideResourcePaths(out2, getPushAccessor(platformSpec));
-											} catch (ParameterizedIdentifierIsFutureWork
-													| ResolvingMultipleDefinitionIsFutureWork | InvalidMessage
-													| UnificationFailed | ValueUndefined e) {
-												e.printStackTrace();
-											}
-											String dstPath = null;
-											if (filledPaths != null && filledPaths.get(out2) != null) {
-												ResourcePath filledDstPath = filledPaths.get(out2).getKey();
-												dstPath = filledDstPath.toResourcePath().replaceAll(":.*\\}","\\}").replaceAll("\\{", "\"+").replaceAll("\\}", "+\"");
-											} else {
-												dstPath = dstRes.toResourcePath(pathParamsUrl);
-											}
-											// Call the update method.
-											if (!hasUpdateMethodinvoked) {
-												// The first call to an update method in this method
-												input.addStatement(restApiSpec.getHttpMethodParamsConstructionStatement(srcRes.getResourceName(), params, true));
-												input.addStatement(langSpec.getVariableDeclaration(DataConstraintModel.typeString.getInterfaceTypeName(), "result")
-																			+ langSpec.getAssignment() + restApiSpec.getHttpMethodCallStatement(restApiSpec.getBaseURL(), dstPath, resName2, httpMethod));
-												if (component != null && !((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).hasHttpClientFieldDeclaration(component)) {
-													// Declare a client field to connect to the destination resource of push transfer.
-													((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).addHttpClientFieldDeclaration(component);
-												} else if (parentComponent != null && !((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).hasHttpClientFieldDeclaration(parentComponent)) {
-													// Declare a client field to connect to the destination resource of push transfer.
-													((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).addHttpClientFieldDeclaration(parentComponent);
-												}
-												if (!((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).hasJsonException(input)) {
-													((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).addJsonException(input);
-												}
-												hasUpdateMethodinvoked = true;
-											} else {
-												// After the second time of call to update methods in this method
-												input.addStatement(restApiSpec.getHttpMethodParamsConstructionStatement(srcRes.getResourceName(), params, false));
-												input.addStatement("result" + langSpec.getAssignment() + restApiSpec.getHttpMethodCallStatement(restApiSpec.getBaseURL(), dstPath, resName2, httpMethod));
-												if (component != null && !((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).hasHttpClientFieldDeclaration(component)) {
-													// Declare a client field to connect to the destination resource of push transfer.
-													((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).addHttpClientFieldDeclaration(component);
-												} else if (parentComponent != null && !((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).hasHttpClientFieldDeclaration(parentComponent)) {
-													// Declare a client field to connect to the destination resource of push transfer.
-													((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).addHttpClientFieldDeclaration(parentComponent);
-												}
-												if (!((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).hasJsonException(input)) {
-													((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).addJsonException(input);
-												}
-											}
-										} else {
-											// Use the reference field to refer to outside destination resource.									
-											List<String> args = new ArrayList<>();
-											for (Map.Entry<Type, Map.Entry<String, String>> paramEnt: pathParams) {
-												args.add(paramEnt.getValue().getValue());
-											}
-											for (Map.Entry<Type, Map.Entry<String, String>> paramEnt: params) {
-												args.add(paramEnt.getValue().getValue());
-											}
-											input.addStatement(langSpec.getMethodInvocation(langSpec.getFieldAccessor(dstCompName), updateMethodName, args)
-													+ langSpec.getStatementDelimiter());	// this.dst.updateDstFromSrc(value, refParams);
-										}
-									} else {
-										// Intra-service
-										// The destination resource is not outside.
-										List<String> args = new ArrayList<>();
-										for (Map.Entry<Type, Map.Entry<String, String>> paramEnt: pathParams) {
-											args.add(paramEnt.getValue().getValue());
-										}
-										for (Map.Entry<Type, Map.Entry<String, String>> paramEnt: params) {
-											args.add(paramEnt.getValue().getValue());
-										}
-										if (srcRes != dstRes) {
-											input.addStatement(langSpec.getMethodInvocation(langSpec.getFieldAccessor(dstCompName), updateMethodName, args)
-													+ langSpec.getStatementDelimiter());	// this.dst.updateDstFromSrc(value, refParams);
-										} else {
-											input.addStatement(langSpec.getMethodInvocation(updateMethodName, args)
-													+ langSpec.getStatementDelimiter());	// this.updateDstFromSrc(value, refParams);
-										}
-									}
-									if (addForStatement) {
-										// Close the for loop.
-										input.addStatement(langSpec.getEndForStatement(forVarName));
-									}
+									// Add an update method invocation.
+									hasUpdateMethodinvoked = addUpdateMethodInvocation(resourceNode, dstNode, input,
+											refParams, component, parentComponent, resComponentName, ch2, in, out2,
+											inDegree, outsideOutputResource2, forVarName, addForStatement,
+											hasUpdateMethodinvoked, platformSpec, langSpec);
 								}
 							}
 							
+							// Add an invocation to output native event channel.
+							if (directDstCh.isNative() && platformSpec.isMonolithic()) {
+								addNativeMethodInvocation(resourceNode, presenter, input, ((DataTransferChannel) ch), directDstCh, out, in, platformSpec, langSpec);
+								if (component != null) {
+									component.addField(langSpec.newFieldDeclaration(presenterType, presenter));
+								} else if (parentComponent != null) {
+									parentComponent.addField(langSpec.newFieldDeclaration(presenterType, presenter));
+								}
+								Map<String, VariableDeclaration> nameToParam = constructorParams.getOrDefault(resourceNode.getResourceHierarchy(), new HashMap<>());
+								nameToParam.put(presenter,langSpec.newVariableDeclaration(presenterType, presenter));
+								constructorParams.put(resourceNode.getResourceHierarchy(), nameToParam);
+							}
+							
 							// Update and initialize a field to refer to an outside input resource for PULL transfer.
 							if (platformSpec.isMonolithic()) {
 								// For a monolithic application.
@@ -3221,6 +2854,270 @@
 		return new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(constructorStatements, inputStatements);
 	}
 
+	private boolean addUpdateMethodInvocation(ResourceNode srcNode, ResourceNode dstNode,
+			MethodDeclaration callerMethod, List<Map.Entry<Type, Map.Entry<String, String>>> refParams,
+			TypeDeclaration component, TypeDeclaration parentComponent, String componentName, DataTransferChannel ch,
+			ChannelMember in, ChannelMember out, int inDegree, boolean outsideOutputResource, 
+			String forVarName, boolean addForStatement, boolean hasUpdateMethodinvoked, 
+			IPlatformSpecific platformSpec, ILanguageSpecific langSpec) {
+		List<Map.Entry<Type, Map.Entry<String, String>>> pathParams = new ArrayList<>();								
+		if (platformSpec.isMonolithic()) {
+			// Update fields to refer to outside resources.
+			ResourcePath filledOutsideResourcePath = null;
+			try {
+				Map<ChannelMember, Entry<ResourcePath, Set<ChannelMember>>> resourcePaths = ch.fillOutsideResourcePaths(out, getPullAccessor(platformSpec));
+				if (resourcePaths != null && resourcePaths.size() > 0) {
+					for (ChannelMember outsideMember: resourcePaths.keySet()) {
+						ResourcePath outsidePath = resourcePaths.get(outsideMember).getKey();
+						if (out.equals(outsideMember)) {
+							filledOutsideResourcePath = outsidePath;
+						}
+						if (!generatesComponent(outsidePath.getResourceHierarchy())) {
+							outsidePath = outsidePath.getParent();
+						}
+						String outsideResName = langSpec.toVariableName(getComponentName(outsidePath.getResourceHierarchy(), langSpec));
+						Expression outsideExp = getPullAccessor(platformSpec).getDirectStateAccessorFor(outsidePath, null);
+						if (generatesComponent(outsidePath.getResourceHierarchy())) {
+							outsideExp = ((Term) outsideExp).getChild(0);
+						}
+						if (outsideExp instanceof Field) {
+							outsideExp = new Variable(((Field) outsideExp).getSymbol().getName(), ((Field) outsideExp).getType());
+						} else if (outsideExp instanceof Term) {
+							for (Entry<Position, Field> fieldEnt: ((Term) outsideExp).getSubTerms(Field.class).entrySet()) {
+								Position pos = fieldEnt.getKey();
+								Field field = fieldEnt.getValue();
+								Variable var = new Variable(field.getSymbol().getName(), field.getType());
+								((Term) outsideExp).replaceSubTerm(pos, var);
+							}
+						}
+						String[] sideEffects = new String[] {""};
+						String outsideAccessor = outsideExp.toImplementation(sideEffects);
+						callerMethod.addStatement(langSpec.getFieldAccessor(outsideResName) + langSpec.getAssignment() + outsideAccessor + langSpec.getStatementDelimiter());		// change the reference field.
+					}
+				}
+			} catch (ParameterizedIdentifierIsFutureWork | ResolvingMultipleDefinitionIsFutureWork
+					| InvalidMessage | UnificationFailed | ValueUndefined e) {
+				e.printStackTrace();
+			}
+			// Values of path parameters to call the update method.
+			if (filledOutsideResourcePath == null) {
+				filledOutsideResourcePath = out.getResource();
+			}
+			for (Expression pathParam: filledOutsideResourcePath.getPathParams()) {
+				if (pathParam instanceof Variable) {
+					Variable pathVar = (Variable) pathParam;
+					pathParams.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(pathVar.getType(),
+								   new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(pathVar.getName(),
+										   						 pathVar.getName())));
+				} else if (pathParam instanceof Constant) {
+					Constant pathVar = (Constant) pathParam;
+					pathParams.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(pathVar.getType(),
+								   new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(pathVar.getSymbol().getName(),
+										   						 pathVar.getSymbol().getName())));
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			// Values of path parameters to call the update method.
+			for (Expression pathParam: out.getResource().getPathParams()) {
+				if (pathParam instanceof Variable) {
+					Variable pathVar = (Variable) pathParam;
+					pathParams.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(pathVar.getType(),
+								   new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(pathVar.getName(),
+										   						 pathVar.getName())));
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		// Values of channel parameters to call the update method.
+		List<Map.Entry<Type, Map.Entry<String, String>>> params = new ArrayList<>();								
+		for (Selector selector: ch.getAllSelectors()) {
+			if (selector.getExpression() instanceof Variable) {
+				Variable selVar = (Variable) selector.getExpression();
+				params.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(selVar.getType(), 
+						   new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(selVar.getName(), 
+								   						 selVar.getName())));
+			}
+		}
+		// Value of the source side (input side) resource to call the update method.
+		ResourceHierarchy srcRes = srcNode.getResourceHierarchy();
+		if (generatesComponent(srcRes)) {
+			params.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(srcRes.getResourceStateType(), 
+					   new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(langSpec.toVariableName(srcRes.getResourceName()), 
+													 langSpec.getFieldAccessor(fieldOfResourceState))));
+		} else {
+			params.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(srcRes.getResourceStateType(),
+					   new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(langSpec.toVariableName(srcRes.getResourceName()),
+							   						 langSpec.getFieldAccessor(langSpec.toVariableName(srcRes.getResourceName())))));
+			srcRes = srcRes.getParent();									
+		}
+		params.addAll(refParams);
+		// Call the update method.
+		String updateMethodName = null;
+		ResourceHierarchy dstRes = dstNode.getResourceHierarchy();
+		if (!generatesComponent(dstRes)) {
+			updateMethodName = updateMethodPrefix + getComponentName(dstRes, langSpec) + from + componentName;
+			dstRes = dstRes.getParent();
+		} else {
+			updateMethodName = updateMethodPrefix + from + componentName;									
+		}
+		String dstCompName = langSpec.toVariableName(getComponentName(dstRes, langSpec));
+		if (outsideOutputResource 
+				|| (!platformSpec.isMonolithic() && in.getResource().getCommonPrefix(out.getResource()) == null && platformSpec.isDifferentTreesAsDifferentServices())) {
+			// Inter-servces
+			if (!platformSpec.isMonolithic()) {
+				// REST API
+				RestApiSpecific restApiSpec = (RestApiSpecific) platformSpec;
+				String httpMethod = null;
+				if (out.getStateTransition().isRightUnary()) {
+					httpMethod = "put";									
+				} else {
+					httpMethod = "post";
+				}
+				String[] sideEffects = new String[] {""};
+				List<String> pathParamsUrl = new ArrayList<>();
+				for (Expression pathExp: out.getResource().getPathParams()) {
+					pathParamsUrl.add("\" + " + pathExp.toImplementation(sideEffects) + " + \"");
+				}
+				String resName = langSpec.toVariableName(componentName);
+				if (inDegree <= 1) {
+					resName = null;
+				}
+				Map<ChannelMember, Entry<ResourcePath, Set<ChannelMember>>> filledPaths = null;
+				try {
+					filledPaths = ch.fillOutsideResourcePaths(out, getPushAccessor(platformSpec));
+				} catch (ParameterizedIdentifierIsFutureWork
+						| ResolvingMultipleDefinitionIsFutureWork | InvalidMessage
+						| UnificationFailed | ValueUndefined e) {
+					e.printStackTrace();
+				}
+				String dstPath = null;
+				if (filledPaths != null && filledPaths.get(out) != null) {
+					ResourcePath filledDstPath = filledPaths.get(out).getKey();
+					dstPath = filledDstPath.toResourcePath().replaceAll(":.*\\}","\\}").replaceAll("\\{", "\"+").replaceAll("\\}", "+\"");
+				} else {
+					dstPath = dstRes.toResourcePath(pathParamsUrl);
+				}
+				// Call the update method.
+				if (!hasUpdateMethodinvoked) {
+					// The first call to an update method in this method
+					callerMethod.addStatement(restApiSpec.getHttpMethodParamsConstructionStatement(srcRes.getResourceName(), params, true));
+					callerMethod.addStatement(langSpec.getVariableDeclaration(DataConstraintModel.typeString.getInterfaceTypeName(), "result")
+												+ langSpec.getAssignment() + restApiSpec.getHttpMethodCallStatement(restApiSpec.getBaseURL(), dstPath, resName, httpMethod));
+					if (component != null && !((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).hasHttpClientFieldDeclaration(component)) {
+						// Declare a client field to connect to the destination resource of push transfer.
+						((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).addHttpClientFieldDeclaration(component);
+					} else if (parentComponent != null && !((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).hasHttpClientFieldDeclaration(parentComponent)) {
+						// Declare a client field to connect to the destination resource of push transfer.
+						((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).addHttpClientFieldDeclaration(parentComponent);
+					}
+					if (!((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).hasJsonException(callerMethod)) {
+						((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).addJsonException(callerMethod);
+					}
+					hasUpdateMethodinvoked = true;
+				} else {
+					// After the second time of call to update methods in this method
+					callerMethod.addStatement(restApiSpec.getHttpMethodParamsConstructionStatement(srcRes.getResourceName(), params, false));
+					callerMethod.addStatement("result" + langSpec.getAssignment() + restApiSpec.getHttpMethodCallStatement(restApiSpec.getBaseURL(), dstPath, resName, httpMethod));
+					if (component != null && !((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).hasHttpClientFieldDeclaration(component)) {
+						// Declare a client field to connect to the destination resource of push transfer.
+						((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).addHttpClientFieldDeclaration(component);
+					} else if (parentComponent != null && !((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).hasHttpClientFieldDeclaration(parentComponent)) {
+						// Declare a client field to connect to the destination resource of push transfer.
+						((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).addHttpClientFieldDeclaration(parentComponent);
+					}
+					if (!((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).hasJsonException(callerMethod)) {
+						((RestApiSpecific) platformSpec).addJsonException(callerMethod);
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				// Use the reference field to refer to outside destination resource.									
+				List<String> args = new ArrayList<>();
+				for (Map.Entry<Type, Map.Entry<String, String>> paramEnt: pathParams) {
+					args.add(paramEnt.getValue().getValue());
+				}
+				for (Map.Entry<Type, Map.Entry<String, String>> paramEnt: params) {
+					args.add(paramEnt.getValue().getValue());
+				}
+				callerMethod.addStatement(langSpec.getMethodInvocation(langSpec.getFieldAccessor(dstCompName), updateMethodName, args) 
+						+ langSpec.getStatementDelimiter());	// this.dst.updateDstFromSrc(value, refParams);
+			}
+		} else {
+			// Intra-service
+			// The destination resource is not outside.
+			List<String> args = new ArrayList<>();
+			for (Map.Entry<Type, Map.Entry<String, String>> paramEnt: pathParams) {
+				args.add(paramEnt.getValue().getValue());
+			}
+			for (Map.Entry<Type, Map.Entry<String, String>> paramEnt: params) {
+				args.add(paramEnt.getValue().getValue());
+			}
+			if (srcRes != dstRes) {
+				callerMethod.addStatement(langSpec.getMethodInvocation(langSpec.getFieldAccessor(dstCompName), updateMethodName, args) 
+						+ langSpec.getStatementDelimiter());	// this.dst.updateDstFromSrc(value, refParams);
+			} else {
+				callerMethod.addStatement(langSpec.getMethodInvocation(updateMethodName, args)
+						+ langSpec.getStatementDelimiter());	// this.updateDstFromSrc(value, refParams);
+			}
+		}
+		if (addForStatement) {
+			// Close the for loop
+			callerMethod.addStatement(langSpec.getEndForStatement(forVarName));
+		}
+		return hasUpdateMethodinvoked;
+	}
+	
+	private void addNativeMethodInvocation(ResourceNode srcNode, String receiverName, MethodDeclaration callerMethod, 
+			DataTransferChannel inCh, DataTransferChannel ch, ChannelMember out, ChannelMember in, IPlatformSpecific platformSpec, ILanguageSpecific langSpec) {
+		// Values of channel parameters to call the update method.
+		List<Map.Entry<Type, Map.Entry<String, String>>> params = new ArrayList<>();								
+		for (Selector selector: ch.getAllSelectors()) {
+			if (selector.getExpression() instanceof Variable) {
+				Variable selVar = (Variable) selector.getExpression();
+				params.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(selVar.getType(), 
+						   new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(selVar.getName(), 
+								   						 selVar.getName())));
+			}
+		}
+		// Call the native method.
+		try {
+			List<String> args = new ArrayList<>();
+			for (Map.Entry<Type, Map.Entry<String, String>> paramEnt: params) {
+				args.add(paramEnt.getValue().getValue());
+			}
+			IResourceStateAccessor resouceStateAccessor = new IResourceStateAccessor() {
+				@Override
+				public Expression getCurrentStateAccessorFor(ChannelMember target, ChannelMember from) {
+					return getPushAccessor(platformSpec).getCurrentStateAccessorFor(out, out);
+				}
+
+				@Override
+				public Expression getNextStateAccessorFor(ChannelMember target, ChannelMember from) {
+					try {
+						return inCh.deriveUpdateExpressionOf(out, getPushAccessor(platformSpec)).getKey();
+					} catch (ParameterizedIdentifierIsFutureWork | ResolvingMultipleDefinitionIsFutureWork
+							| InvalidMessage | UnificationFailed | ValueUndefined e) {
+						return getPushAccessor(platformSpec).getNextStateAccessorFor(out, out);
+					}
+				}
+
+				@Override
+				public Expression getDirectStateAccessorFor(ResourcePath target, ResourcePath from) {
+					return getPushAccessor(platformSpec).getDirectStateAccessorFor(target, from);
+				}
+			};
+			Map<ChannelMember, Set<Position>> substitutedPositionsInMessageFromChannels = new HashMap<>();
+			Expression message = ch.calcMessageConstraintForInputMember(in, in, resouceStateAccessor, null, substitutedPositionsInMessageFromChannels);
+			if (message instanceof Term) {
+				String updateMethodName = ((Term) message).getSymbol().getName();
+				for (Expression messageArg: ((Term) message).getChildren()) {
+					args.add(messageArg.toImplementation(new String[] {null}));
+				}
+				callerMethod.addStatement(langSpec.getMethodInvocation(langSpec.getFieldAccessor(receiverName), updateMethodName, args) 
+						+ langSpec.getStatementDelimiter());
+			}
+		} catch (ResolvingMultipleDefinitionIsFutureWork | InvalidMessage e) {
+		}
+	}
+
 	protected void declareGetterAccessorInTheRootResource(ResourceNode resourceNode, TypeDeclaration rootComponent, 
 			IPlatformSpecific platformSpec, ILanguageSpecific langSpec) {
 		if (resourceNode.getResourceHierarchy().getParent() != null) {